Rau cov tom ntej no ntxiv 6 Lub hlis nws unique sawv daws pom Michelangelo tus Pietà yuav mus txog qhov chaw siv
Lub restoration ntawm Michelangelo tus Pietà ntawm tus Opera del Duomo hu ua Pietà Bandini preserved hauv Florence nyob rau hauv lub Museo dell Opera Duomo muaj tau tiav.
Pib thaum lub kaum ib hlis 2019, Ncua sij hawm ob peb zaug thaum cov kev pab them nqi tsheb 19, Lub restoration yog ib lub caij nyoog kom to taub txog keeb kwm ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm, ntau yam kev txheej txheem thiab cov txheej txheem sculptural siv. Kev pab uas restores rau lub ntiaj teb kev zoo nkauj ntawm ib Michelangelo cov khaus thiab tormented masterpieces, Tso los ntawm qhov chaw deposits uas ua rau txoj kev nyeem ntawm tus exceptional yas thiab xim.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub restoration, Nws yog mus cuag ib tug niaj hnub zoo li thiab balanced nyeem ntawm qhov chaw ua hauj lwm, Rov npaj siab rau cov duab ntawm lub Pietà, nkawv mus rau hauv ib lub thaiv npog, Tej zaum thaum chiv thawj xav los ntawm Michelangelo. Tsaug xaiv lub neej sai seb ib "qhib" restoration, qhua mus rau lub Museo dell Opera del Duomo tau pom lub restoration hauv kev kawm. Tshwj xeeb, rau tom ntej no ntxiv 6 lub hli, ntawm 25 Cuaj hlis 2021 al 30 Lub peb hlis ntuj 2022, Tus Opera di Santa Maria tsib Fiore tau txiav txim tawm hauv qhov chaw siv rau cov pej xeem, nurse, saib kaw thiab nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev cim thiab unrepeatable txoj kev, Tus restored Pietà.
Tus restoration commissioned thiab qhia los ntawm tus Opera di Santa maria del Fiore tsaug cov donation ntawm cov-profit Foundation phooj ywg ntawm Florence, Raws li txoj kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov ABAP Superintendence rau lub nroog tsam City of Florence thiab lub xeev Hwj Naj Pistoia thiab Prato, yog entrusted rau lub restorer Paola Rosa, leej twg muaj gained peb caug xyoo ntawm kev tej hauj lwm los ntawm yawm nyuab ntawm yav dhau los xws li Michelangelo, nrog lub tswv yim ntawm Emanuela Peiretti, pab los ntawm ib pab neeg ntawm cov kev sab nraud thiab sab nraum lub Opera.
Cov nuj nqis uas tsim tau qhov chaw ua hauj lwm, Nrog rau cov neeg laus Nicodemus rau leej twg tus artist muab nws lub ntsej muag, nkawm khiav, npaws 2 nqaij nyoog 25 Cm, luj li cas 2.700 kg. Kev soj ntsuam diagnostic tau coj mus rau tus fouths uas nws yog ib tug marble ntawm lub quarries ntawm Seravezaza (LU) thiab tsis muaj ntaub ntawv pov thawj, raws li hnub tim. Ib qhov significant discovery vim lub quarries ntawm Seravezaza tau muaj los ntawm cov Medici thiab Giovanni tsib Medici, Pope Leo X, Nws tau txiav txim kom Michelangelo siv cov marbles rau lub façade ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj uas San Lorenzo nyob rau hauv Florence thiab qhib ib txoj kev mus thauj lawv rau lub hiav txwv. Vim li cas no loj loj thaiv ntawm marble yog nyob rau hauv Michelangelo lub availability nyob Raume, Thaum nws sculpts tus Pietà ntawm tus 1547 thiab cov 1555, tiam sis, nws tshua ib tsis mystery. Peb kuj paub tias Michelangelo twb tsis txaus siab rau qhov zoo tshaj ntawm cov marbles vim lawv muaj npaj txhij txog thiab microfractures uas tau nyuaj los qhia los ntawm sab nraud.. Tsaug rau lub restoration nws twb tau tshawb kom paub tseeb, thawj thawj zaug, Tus marble siv rau lub Pietà yog ua tau defective, Raws li Vasari kuj qhia rau lub "Lub neej" piav nws nyuaj, Tag nrho cov impurities thiab uas "ua hluav taws" nrog txhua lub tshuab. Yog, qhov tseeb, emerged muaj coob inclusions ntawm pyrite nyob rau hauv cov marble uas ntaus nrog tus chisel yuav yeej tau ua txim, tab sis saum toj noj tag nrho cov muaj heev heev microfractures, particular ua ib puag uas zoo li ob leeg nyob pem hauv ntej thiab rov qab, thiab uas qhia tias Michelangelo tau ntsib nws thaum sculpting caj npab thiab uas cov nkauj xwb, tau raug puab yuam mus nrauj zoo ua hauj lwm vim yog lub impossibility ntawm ntxiv qhov chaw ua hauj lwm. Ib credible ntau hypothesis tshaj li uas ib Michelangelo uas yog tam sim no cov neeg laus laus, txwv tsis pub leej twg paub, Tau sim nyob rau hauv ib pliag ntawm discouragement puas lawm cov sculpture hammered thiab uas cov restoration twb tsis nrhiav tau ib txoj lw, Tshwj tsis yog Tiberio Calcagni tau erased cov cim.
Qhov no ib tug uas twb nyuam qhuav lawm, Yuav xam tau tias yog thawj restoration ntawm lub Florentine Pietà, Raws li qhov chaw tsis qhia tej kev cuam tshuam uas muab qhov chaw yav dhau los, yog hais tias tsis yog ib tug tau tsocai tom qab nws cov ntawv pov thawj los ntawm Tiberio Calcagni, Florentine sculptor ze Michelangelo, los ntawm 1565. Dhau qhov ntswg 470 lub neej, Thaum cov kev hloov heev heev ntawm tswv cuab thiab cov txheej xwm traumatical, Pietà twb tau raug kev cuam tshuam ntau yam kev cuam tshuam uas tsis muab sau vim lawv yog yooj yim yooj yim kev haujlwm.
Lub restoration preceded los ntawm kev sib tw diagnostic kev sib tw tau muab cov lus qhia rau cov neeg ua hauj lwm thiab rau cov kev pab cuam uas nws kim heev. Nyob rau Tsis ua cas Michelangelo muaj tsis muaj keeb kwm yav dhau los, Tshwj tej xeeb ntxwv nyob rau lub hauv paus ntawm tus duab. Ntau, Xwb, chaw deposits, pib ntawm cov nyiaj uas muaj gypsum, cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog tus kheej tej ntaub ntawv uas tau kawm nyob rau hauv 1882, uas muaj tshuav ib tug yeeb yam whiteness thiab excessive aridity rau ntawm qhov chaw. Yuav overcome no tsis ntxim nyhuv ntxim, gypsum residues yuav tsum tau thov, luag, CIAB. Txoj kev laus ntawm waxes, sib xyaw deposits, Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov folds ntawm cov robes thiab rau cov reliefs ntawm tus qauv, nyob rau hauv stark contrast to lub teeb-thawv sub-thawv, Ua rau qhov chaw amber thiab chromatically unbalanced.
Ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm no yog txiav txim siab los ua ntej mus ntsuam xyuas kev tshuaj ntsuam, thiaj li paub hais tias yog vim li cas txoj kev tsim nyog, thiab mam li pib cov kev pab los ntawm sab nraum qab, Qhov muaj cov deposits yog ntau dua, siv lub paj rwb swabs ntxuav tais diav, tshav kub kub. Ib txoj kev tsis-invasive txoj kev, kawm tiav thiab tej tshuaj no raug muab tswj. Rau cov waxes tam sim no rau ntawm cov pab pawg neeg sculptural, Ob leeg diffusely thiab pointwise – drips vim tus dripping ntawm lub taws tswm ciab tso rau hauv lub ntsiab ntawm lub Cathedral ntawm Florence, Nyob sab nraum qab ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm tau tseem tso rau 220 xyoo – tau raug xaiv los pab, Feem ntau cov neeg raug mob, Siv cov ntaub nplaum ntxuav tes uas siv scalpels.
Tus Pietà ntawm tus Opera tsib Duomo hauv Florence, tag nrho cov kev kawm txawj thiab nyob, Yog ib qhov peb ua los ntawm cov artist zoo kawg thiab. Tsis zoo li tus lwm ob – Cov hluas Vatican thiab Rondanini – Lub cev ntawm Christ yog txaus siab tsis yog Mary tiam sis kuj los ntawm Magdalene thiab cov laus laus Nicodemus, uas Michelangelo muab nws lub ntsej muag. Kom paub meej kuj paub tseeb hais tias yog ob biographers contemporary rau tus artist, Giorgio Vasari thiab Ascanio Condivio, Tsaug uas peb kuj paub tias cov sculpture yog npaj rau ib daim duab ntawm ib lub tsev teev ntuj Roman, Thaum uas nws txhais taw yuav tau nyiam kom tau cog.
Michelangelo sculpts tus Pietà dell Opera tsib Duomo hu ua Pietà Bandini ntawm tus 1547 thiab cov 1555, Thaum nws muaj txog xya xyoo tsib xyoos. Michelangelo tsis tas cov sculpture thiab muab rau nws muab rau nws servantio Antonio daldurante uas, Tom qab coj nws restored los Tiberio Calcagni, Nws sells nws rau tus tswv cia nyiaj Francesco Bandini rau 200 Shields, leej twg muab nws nyob hauv lub vaj nws villa roman hauv Montecavallo. Nyob rau hauv 1649, Lub bandini heirs muag nws Cardinal Luigi Capponi uas yuav coj nws mus nws palace nyob Montecitorio nyob Rome thiab plaub xyoos tom qab rau lub Palazzo Rusticucuc Accoramboni. Tus 25 Lub Xya hli ntuj 1671, tus great-grandson ntawm Cardinal Capponi, Piero, Nws hnov nws mus Cosimo III tsib Medici, Pej xeem nrog Duke of Thecany, Tawm los ntawm Paolo Falconieri, gentleman nyob rau lub tsev hais plaub Florentine. Tom qab peb xyoos ntxiv nyob rau Rome, Rau qhov yooj yim ces yuav tsum nyob rau hauv thauj nws, nyob rau hauv 1674 Tus Pietà yog embarked nyob Civitavecchia, mus txog Livorno, thiab los ntawm, Raws li cov Arno, tuaj txog hauv Florence, Qhov uas nws muab tso rau hauv lub qab daus ntawm lub Basilica ntawm San Lorenzo. Nws yuav nyob ntawd mus txog rau thaum 1722, Thaum Cosimo III yuav tau muab tso rau sab nraum qab ntawm lub ntsiab tswb ntawm cov Cathedral ntawm Santa Maria tsib Fiore. Nyob rau hauv 1933, Cov pab pawg neeg sculptural yog nyuam qhuav txav los rau cov Chapel ntawm tus Sant'Andrea kom nws yooj yim pom ntau yooj yim. Ntawm 1942 al 1945, tiv thaiv nws los ntawm tsov rog, Tus Pietà yog sheltered hauv lub Duomo. Nyob rau hauv 1949, Qhov chaw ua hauj lwm rov mus rau lub Chapel ntawm St. Andrew hauv lub Cathedral, Nws yuav nyob twj ywm kom txog rau thaum 1981, Thaum nws yuav raug hloov mus rau cov Museo dell Opera del Duomo. Qhov kev txiav txim siab muab nws mus rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej yog kubsiab los ntawm tus xav tsis txhob disturb lub cult rau qhov influx ntawm tourists loj thiab kev ruaj ntseg (nyob rau hauv 1972 Tus Vatican Pietà twb tau vandalized). Thaum kawg ntawm qhov kawg 2015, Nyob rau hauv cov Museo dell'Opera tsib Duomo, Tus Pietà nyob hauv lub qhov chaw ntawm lub hoob entitled Michelangelo lub Tribune, Rau ib puag uas evokes tus tswb rau uas nws tau npaj txhij.
Yog xav paub ntau ntxiv txog cov sij hawm siv thiab qhia tours www.duomo.firenze.it
Mattia Lattanzi
Los ntawm cov xov tooj 356 – Xyoo Viii 29/9/2021
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