Michelangelo tus peb Pietàs rau zaub hauv Florence mus txog rau thaum 1 Lub yim hli ntuj

Nyob rau lub ntees ntawm lub rooj sab laj "Mediterranean frontier ntawm kev sib haum xeeb 2022", Uas yuav pom lub rooj sab laj ntawm hnub no lub Bishops thiab mayors ntawm lub Mediterranean hauv Florence thiab uas Pope Francis yuav kuj cuam tshuam, qhib rau pej xeem, mus txog 1 Lub yim hli ntuj, Nyob rau hauv lub Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, tus exhibition “MICHELANGELO TUS PEB PIETÀS. Koj tsis xav txog ntau npaum li cas ntshav nws cov nqi”.

Thawj thawj zaug ib exhibition piv, sib sib zog, Nyob rau hauv lub cuab ntawm Michelangelo Tribune ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej, Tus thawj ntawm lub Pietà Bandini, Uas lub restoration twb nyuam qhuav tau tiav, Thiab cov casts ntawm lub Vatican Pietà thiab cov Rondanini Pietà ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej Vatican.

Curated los ntawm tsev cia puav pheej directors Barbara Jatta, Sergio Risaliti, Claudio Salsi, Timothy Verdon, Tus exhibition yog ib qhov project uas exceptionally yuav lub tsev khaws puav pheej Vatican, Lub Museo dell'Opera del Duomo, Lub Museo Novecento hauv Florence, Lub Castello Sforzesco hauv Milan thiab lub koom haum ntawm lub Opera di Santa Maria del Fiore, Municipality of Florence, Municipality ntawm Milan thiab Fabbrica di San Pietro.

Muab ib sab ntawm lwm tus, Peb Pietà yuav muaj lub sijhawm rau pej xeem saib cov evolution ntawm Michelangelo daim duab thiab raws li nws sab ntsuj plig maturation, thaum ntxov – Thaum nyob Rome nws sculpted rau lub Chapel ntawm tus vaj ntxwv ntawm Fabkis nyob rau hauv cov ancient St. Peter lub chaw ua hauj lwm tam sim no nyob rau sab qaum teb aisle ntawm lub Basilica – Rau nws lub caij kawg, Thauj tw, tam sim no, Nws muab nws txhais tes rau lub Pietà hnub no nyob rau hauv Florence thiab ces rau lub Pietà Rondanini preserved hauv Milan.

Nws yog ib cov lus ntawm ntau tshaj tsib caug xyoo, Uas ua los ntawm cov ambition ntawm tus hluas nraug uas carved nws lub npe rau hauv siab ntawm peb poj niam ntawm lub Vatican version, Ntawm tus kheej ntawm tus neeg laus artist, Uas nyob rau hauv cov Museo dell'Opera depicts nws tus kheej hauv daim ntawv ntawm Nicodemus. Ze ntawm nws tus kheej tuag, Michelangelo meditated tsaug rau lub Passion ntawm Christ, Thaum nws tus kheej ua tseeb nyob rau hauv ib contemporary drawing ntawm lub Pietà, Pub rau lub Marquise ntawm Pescara Vittoria Colonna, Qhov twg nws tau sau Dante cov kab lus: "Koj tsis xav txog ntau npaum li cas ntshav nws cov nqi" (Paradise XXIX, 91). Lub sublime ntawm no sab ntsuj plig meditation yog tus tiav ntawm tus Rondanini Pietà, Nws huab kev zoo nkauj shines hauv lub sunset ntawm daim duab.

Tus Florentine exhibition revolves nyob ib ncig ntawm cov tsis ntev los no thiab delicate restoration ntawm tus Pietà Bandini piv nws nrog ob casts preserved hauv lub Tsev khaws puav pheej Vatican, nyiam keeb kwm, Tab sis, txoj kev uas reproduce hauv ib extraordinary thiab admirable txoj kev lwm ob Pietà Michelangelo. "Casts uas tsis disfigure tom ntej no rau tus thawj Florentine – piav Barbara Jatta, Thawj coj ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej Vatican – Tsis zoo xwb vim lawv tau ua nyob rau hauv ib tug workmanlike manner ob peb xyoo lawm dhau los ntawm competent cov neeg ua hauj lwm, Tab sis saum toj noj tag nrho vim hais tias, Nyob rau hauv ib lub hnub nyoog zoo kawg thiab sib tham txog NFT reproductions (Tsis Fungible Token) thiab DOC. NFT (Cov thawj copy NFT), Lawv hais rau qhov xav tau uas yeej ib txwm tau reproduce universal masterpieces ntawm txoj kev ntseeg thiab daim duab rau lawv dissemination rau ib tug pej xeem li extraordinary txhais tau tias evangelization thiab transmission ntawm sab ntsuj plig qhov tseem ceeb"..

Qhov sib piv ntawm cov peb tej hauj lwm rau Timothy Verdon, Thawj coj ntawm lub Museo dell'Opera del Duomo: "Nws pub peb ntsuas cov stylistic kev loj hlob ntawm Buonarroti hauv lub tsib caug xyoo uas cais cov hluas Pietà ntawm lwm ob, Thiab qhov ntau concentrated tab sis kuj dramatic evolution ntawm lub Florentine thiab Milanese Pietà. Nws kuj pub peb grasp lub maturation ntawm Michelangelo tus xav nyob ib ncig ntawm lub sacred kawm kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua kaum tsib xyoo pua thiab nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua tom qab xyoo pua, focusing rau qhov txuas ntawm lub neej thiab daim duab hauv lub believing sculptor uas, Rau feem ntau ntawm nws cov hauj lwm, Nws yog ntawm qhov kev pab cuam ntawm cov popes thiab vim li no ib tug neeg txhais lus privileged ntawm tus zov ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj nyob dynamic hloov".

Yog Sergio Risaliti, Thawj coj ntawm lub Museo Novecento Firenze: "No exhibition yog nyob rau ib lub sij hawm uas exceptional keeb kwm tus nqi rau lub nroog ntawm Florence uas kawg ntawm lub ob hlis ntuj yuav yog lub scene ntawm ib lub rooj sab laj ntawm kev sib haum xeeb thiab kev sib tham ntawm kev cai dab qhuas tub ceev xwm, Sab ntsuj plig thiab thoj ntawm tag nrho mediterranean lub teb chaws. Ib qho kev tshwm sim enormous tseem ceeb, Uas yuav tau enriched los ntawm lub sij hawm tuaj txog hauv lub nroog ntawm nws Holiness Pope Francis, Coj lus vam cia thiab mercy nyob rau hnub thaum lub mare nostrum yog ntawm qhov chaw, Cas tuaj nyob rau hauv lub xyoo lawm tsis ntev los no, Ntawm lub geopolitical clashes ntawm lub ntiaj teb powers. Thiab li cas peb yuav tsis paub nyob rau hauv peb Pietàs qhov mob ntawm lwm tus, Lub xeem nrhiav ib tug zoo muaj kev ruaj ntseg, kev ncaj ncees thiab brotherhood".

"Nws yog extraordinary lub sijhawm los tau admire, Ib sab ntawm lub Pietà Bandini, Lwm ob sculptures tias Michelangelo Buonarroti tsim thaum nws lub neej ntev xav txog lub ntsiab ntawm lub Pietà; Los ntawm tus exhibition ntawm ob keeb kwm casts – declares Claudio Salsi, Thawj coj ntawm lub tsev fuabtais Superintendence Area, Archaeological tsev cia puav pheej thiab keeb kwm tsev cia puav pheej, Milan – Lub ntsiab ntawm continuity thiab discontinuity mam li tawm kom meej meej thaum nrog ib tag nrho peb sim grasp lub essence ntawm tag nrho cov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm tus yawm Tuscan sculptor".

"Tus Evangelical kev lig kev cai dwells nrog sobriety rau daim duab ntawm leej niam ntawm tus tswv. Nyob rau hauv tej chaw religiosity thiab daim duab rau lub contrary, Qhia thiab dluab txog cov nkauj xwb yog multiplying", Sau Cardinal Giuseppe Betori. Ntawm cov dluab tseem ceeb tshaj dluab uas hla lub centuries tau muab zoo lawm rau daim duab ntawm Mary hauv lub siab lub ntsws ntawm believers muaj undoubtedly tus Pietà, Yexus deposed ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig txais tos los ntawm leej niam nyob hauv nws txhais tes. Yog tsis muaj ib txoj lw ntawm no taw nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj ntawm lub Passion ntawm tus tswv uas lawv muaj peb nyob rau hauv cov Gospels thiab nws yog tsis pav txawm nyob rau hauv apocryphal ntawv nyeem.. Ntawm nruab nrab hnub nyoog onwards, Xwb, Ntawm lub Germanic regions, Tus Pietà yuav yog ib qhov ntau Marian depictions, Thiab tib lub sijhawm Christological".

"Ntawm cov txheej xwm ntawm lub Mediterranean frontier ntawm kev sib haum xeeb – piav Dario Nardella, Tus kav nroog ntawm Florence – Shines tus extraordinary exhibition uas theem ua ke thawj zaug peb Pietà sculpted los Michelangelo. Nyob rau hauv ib qho era uas kos duab nkawd yuav qhia destined rau ib dimension virtual dimension, exhibitions li no muab peb rov qab rau fragrant tseem ceeb ntawm ib tug tib neeg kev sculpture kuj los ntawm cov cam khwb cia derived ntawm tus thawj. Kab tias nws yuav zoo li ib txoj kev anachronistic ntawm nce Michelangelo tus yawm masterpieces, Txawm li ntawd los, kuv ntseeg tias no apparition yuav tsis tshua muaj neeg precisely vim yog nws virtuous immanence. Peb nyuam qhuav txav los ntawm tseem piv Michelangelo tus peb Pietàs, sublime incarnations ntawm nws genius, Nws lub tswv yim haib thiab sib sib zog nqus spirituality. Saib lawv ib sab ntawm lawv, Nyob rau hauv ib tsawm tsawv thiab 'tsis yooj yim' kev sib tham, Nws yuav ua tau ib unparalleled tig tau".

Yog Luca Bagnoli, President ntawm lub Opera di Santa Maria del Fiore: "Tus exhibition yog ib qhov ntawm sab ntsuj plig sab ntsuj plig thiab artistic tus nqi uas muaj ib qho teeb meem loj nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus teb uas ltalis thiab tas lub ntiaj teb no yog tam sim no nyob., yuam mus rau ib lub sij hawm prolonged nyob thiab yuam rho tawm, vim yog tus kab mob kis thoob qhov txhia chaw, Ntawm qhov uas peb cia siab tias yuav tau sai sai dua ib precious normality".

E-mail Sacks, Councillor rau Nyuas ntawm lub Municipality ntawm Milan, xeev: "Lub nroog ntawm Milan yog txaus siab muab nws txoj kev koom tes rau cov kev tshwm sim zoo kawg thiab organized hauv Florence rau lub ntees ntawm lub rooj sab laj bishops thiab mayors ntawm lub Mediterranean. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm ib fruitful tswv yim ntawm lub koom haum, peb tes num, Uas kuj pom cov koom tes ntawm Milan thiab Vatican nroog, Yuav ua kom muaj caij nyoog rau kev sib tham thiab kev sib tham, Pab stimulate nyeem tswv yim tshiab rau tej hauj lwm uas sawv cev rau ib artistic thiab poetic cuab yeej cuab tam uas mus deb tshaj lub teb chaws ciam teb rau lwm".

Tus thawj Pietà sculpted los Michelangelo

Michelangelo tus thawj Pietà ua tau ze ntawm lub jubilee ntawm tus 1500, Thaum Cardinal Jean Bilhères tsib Lagraulas commissioned cov hluas Buonarroti "ib nkauj xwb Mary hnav tuag Christ, liab qab rau hauv nws txhais tes". Tus neeg tau nyob rome ntawm 1491, Raws li lub taub hau ntawm ib delegation xa los charles VIII ntawm Valois rau lub tsev hais plaub papal npaj lub reconquest Fabkis txoj ntawm lub kingdom ntawm Naples. Cov Florentine sculptor yuav devote nws tus kheej rau lub ntsiab ntawm maternal mob thiab saum toj noj tag nrho rau cov tsis ntawm lub Incarnation uas "ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm Vaj tswv yog ib qho uas surpasses vim li cas", Raws li St. Thomas rov ,"rau ib tug tsis xav txog tej divine ua hauj lwm ntau admirable dua qhov no., Vajtswv yehauvas yog tus muaj hwjchim loj kawg nkaus, Vajtswv tus Tub, ua ib tug txiv neej tiag". Nrog lub Vatican Pietà (1498-1499), Tus artist impressed nws lub sij hawm: Zoo li no yog txoj kev zoo nkauj uas liab qab Christ lovingly txaus siab los ntawm tus nkauj xwb, Ib tug hluas nkauj humble thiab chaste tus ntxhais, Qhwv hauv ib dej nyab ntawm drapery uas Mary yog niam thiab niam tais ntsuab. Cov hluas ntawd criticized los ntawm feem ntau, seeming tsis heev consonant nrog peb poj niam. Raws li qhov chaw nco ntsoov qhia peb, Michelangelo defended nws tus kheej tiv thaiv kev thuam los piav tias virginity thiab purity kom cov poj niam hluas thiab zoo nkauj.. Tus masterpiece tau tso rau hauv lub chapel ntawm Santa Petronilla ua ntej lub 1500, Jubilee xyoo. Tom qab lub Pietà yog nyuam qhuav txav los rau St. Peter tus, Thiab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua yim xyoo pua yog raug rau txoj cai ntawm lub nave uas nws tseem yuav admired hnub no. Nyob rau hauv no Pietà Michelangelo tswj sawv cev rau lub divinity ntawm Yexus los tso rau hauv lub cev ntawm ib tug txiv neej 33 xyoo. Christ cia li deposed ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig nkawd pw hauv lub bosom ntawm tus niam hluas, radiant hauv nws txoj kev zoo nkauj, kaj lug tsis pom kev zoo ntawm hlub thiab humility. Tuag yuav tsis chim heev tias admirable txiv neej: Qhov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws ntawm cov nyob. cev tsis muaj zog, tsis muaj tej yam tshwm sim uas raug kev nruj kev tsiv, Peb twb nyeem cov Risen ib, Nws conquers tuag.

Tus thib ob sculpted Pietà

Ntau xyoo tom qab lub Vatican Pietà, Michelangelo rov qab mus sculpt tib yam. Meanwhile, Rome twb tau sacked, Cov koom pheej ntawm Florence muaj sab laug piam lawm thiab cov Medici twb rov qab mus rau lub nroog. Michelangelo tshuav Florence hauv lub 1534 Thiab tswm ib si nyob rome. Tom qab uas tuag Alessandro de' Medici, Tua los ntawm nws nkauj muam nraug nus Lorenzo, Duke Cosimo kuv commands ua ib tug tub huabtais kiag li. Nyob rau hauv 1547 Vittoria Colonna xyuas cov artist yog spiritually txuas. Michelangelo yog ib tug laus artist qhia teem rau tib neeg destiny, Qhov uas Yexus sawv hauv qhov tuag rov qab los pab tau peb li cas?, Tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov tuav ntawm depressive crises. Nws nyob ntawm contrasts, Ntawm tus attraction rau kev zoo nkauj, Tus sting ntawm cov senses thiab muaj siab rau asceticism. Pib ntshai nws tus kheej tuag, divine txiav txim. Ua raws li cov lus cog tseg. Thaum kawg, nws clings rau tus ntoo khaub lig thiab txo nws hwj Christ ntawm qhov chaw ntawm nws hav zoov thiab inspiration., cawms. Tus tiav ntawm tus Pietà Bandini yog ntev thiab nyuaj, xamphaj yos. Muaj tseeb tus tswv pib ua hauj lwm los ua hauj lwm cov thaiv nyob ib ncig ntawm lub 1547. Txawm li cas los, Michelangelo puas tau tsis tiav qhov chaw ua hauj lwm, thiab tus pej thuam, ua ntej yuav muab muag rau hauv 1561 Francesco Bandini, Nws yog xaus lus nyob rau tej qhov chaw hauv Tiberio Calcagni, Buonarroti lub ntsiab pab. Tus pej thuam yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv Santa Maria Maggiore nyob Rome, tej zaum rau lub burial ntawm Michelangelo. Qhov tseeb, peb nyeem ib sib sib zog nqus thiab khaus meditation rau tuag thiab Redemption, Khetos thiab txojkev dim cev qhev rau Vajtswv, Hauv kuj tus transference hauv daim duab ntawm Nicodemus.

Raws li Alessandro Parronchi cov thaiv los ntawm Seravezza thiab siv rau cov realization ntawm cov pab pawg neeg yog ib cov advancing rau lub tomb ntawm Julius II. Uas marble, Raws li Vasari kuj txiav ntaqwm, Nws yog daim ntawv qhia txog impurities thiab tsis tshua muaj neeg nyuaj heev, Npaum li ntawd rau kev sib cuag nrog cov chisel emitted swarms ntawm sparks. Nyob rau hauv 1553 Vasari, mus xyuas tus artist studio, Nws muaj lub tswv yim tias Michelangelo hesitated qhia nws unfinished. Sim vary txoj hauj lwm ntawm Christ tus ceg, Tus sculptor los ua tus rhuav ntawm ib limb. Tom qab, nyob ib ncig ntawm lub 1555, Hammered tus pej thuam rhuav nws nyob rau ntau qhov chaw. qhov tseeb, Txawm tias hnub no muaj tej yam tshwm sim uas rupture rau lub luj tshib, hauv siab, Lub xub pwg ntawm Yexus thiab ntawm tes mary. Thaum uas tuag ntawm tus artist hauv lub artist hauv lub 1564 Nws twb xav siv cov pab pawg neeg rau lub burial ntawm Michelangelo hauv Florence hauv Santa Croce. Qhov chaw ua hauj lwm xwb tseem nyob hauv lub villa ntawm cov Bandini hauv Montecavallo thiab tsuas nyob rau hauv cov 1674 Nws yog muas los ntawm Cosimo III de' Medici uas destined nws rau lub basement ntawm San Lorenzo. Nyob rau hauv 1722 Tus Florentine Pietà yog kis rau Santa Maria del Fiore. Ntawm 1981 Nyob hauv lub Museo dell'Opera del Duomo.

Lub xeem Pietà hu ua Rondanini

Peb tes num yuav hnub rov qab mus rau lub xyoo ntawm qhov 1552 thiab cov 1553. Raws li qhov chaw, Michelangelo ua haujlwm muaj rau lub xeem. qhov tseeb, Qhov chaw ua hauj lwm nyob hauv Michelangelo studio tom qab nws tuag. Nyob rau hauv cov inventory twv rau cov hnub pietà yog piav nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus no: “Pej thuam tub huabtais rau ib Christ thiab lwm daim duab saum toj no, rhais ua ke, ntxhib thiab unfinished”. Nyob rau hauv cov pab pawg neeg lwm qhov chaw ua nyob rau lub sij hawm, xa mus rau cov cua ntsawj ntshab thawj cua ntsawj ntshab, thiab unfinished qhov chaw, Hais txog tus thib ob version thib ob xav. Muas los ntawm cov Marquis Rondanini hauv lub 1744, Tus Pietà los txog hauv Milan uas nws yog preserved hauv lub Castello Sforzesco ntawm tus 1952.

Qhov kawg ntawm ib cov lus ntev ntawm daim duab thiab txoj kev ntseeg, cov Rondanini Pietà yog theej ib thov dua ib tug ua hauj lwm ntawm daim duab, Los theej nws yog tus artistic ua qauv qhia txog cov Disease fact tias tus txiv neej txoj kev ntseeg tau pom dhau tiag tsom, Uas tes tsis rov qab dab tsi lub qhov muag inner lawm contemplate. Peb twb nyob hauv ib hmo tsaus ntuj kev. Tsis txhob npau suav, Ntau zaus nws ntaub ntawv qhia txog nws auroral inventions, Ntawm no qhib txoj kev rau lub tswv yim ntawm tus artist yog cov mystical tsis pom kev zoo ntawm cov Christian immersed hauv ib nocturnal reflection rau lub Begotten xwb, Qhov uas Yexus sawv hauv qhov tuag rov qab los pab tau peb li cas?. Yexus thiab Maivliag zoo li dab ghostly beings, pob zeb nyhav ua teeb meem ntawm lub teeb. Sab lim Christ nkawd swb ntawm lub tomb thiab nrog tus tub kuj niam, Nws tib neeg yog txhais tau hais tias nkaus absorbed los ntawm txoj kev hlub. Ib zaug xwb destiny miraculously overwhelms niam thiab tus tub hauv no mystical metamorphosis, Tib twb sim thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub Annunciation. Ib zaug dua Mary yog thalamus rau nws tus tswv. Cov tshwm tag inclination ntawm ob nuj nqis, ib sab saib, Nkawd hais ib reflection rau cov resurrection thiab cov Assumption. Yog peb zoo zoo, qhov tseeb, ob lub cev zoo li detach ntawm hauv pem teb, thiab ua ke mus txog leej txiv.

Video footage thiab cov duab Jaime Macias.

Frank Mariani
Los ntawm cov xov tooj 375 – Xyoo IX 23/02/2022

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